Voltage Controlled Integrator and Linear Quadrature-VCO Using MMCC

Abstract

A Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) based on the new multiplication-mode current conveyor (MMCC) building block is presented. The oscillator is realized using a double integrator loop (DIL) where a linear frequency (f_o) versus the control voltage (V_c) tuning characteristics with quadrature sinusoid signal generation in a range of 40  kHz ≤ f_o≤ 700   kHz had been experimentally verified. The f_o─ sensitivity is low while the frequency stability factor (S_f more than 1) is high at satisfactory values of total harmonic distortion (THD ≈ 1.11%).