Improved feature-based hybrid deep learning for multiclassification of ultrasound thyroid nodules

Mayuresh Gulame, Deepthi D. Kulkarni, Priya Khune, Nilesh N. Thorat, Ashwini G. Shahapurkar, Vijaya S. Patil, Sumit Arun Hirve, Aarti Pimpalkar

Abstract


Ultrasonography is frequently used to identify thyroid nodules. Because of their internal features, variable appearances, and ill-defined borders, it might be difficult for a hospitalist to distinguish amongst benign and malignant forms of the nodule based solely on visual inspection. Although deep learning, a subset of artificial intelligence, has significantly advanced medical image recognition, challenges remain in achieving accurate and efficient diagnosis of thyroid nodules. To identify and classify thyroid nodules, this study uses an innovative hybrid DL-assisted multi-classification technique. A median blur eliminates salt-and-pepper noise, and this is followed by segmentation using a method based on enhanced pooling integrated U-Net (EPIU-Net). To produce a single histogram series, features are recovered from the segmented image, including multi-texton, and local ternary pattern (LTP) based patterns. Following feature extraction, the data is expanded and input into a fusion classification model utilizing Deep Maxout and convolutional neural network (CNN) to categorize nodules. This work uses 2 types of datasets and for both datasets, we achieved great results with our hybrid technique across all performance criteria. 0.976, 0.008, 0.992, and 0.017 are the corresponding values for accuracy, false discovery rate (FDR), sensitivity, false negative rate (FNR). Moreover proposed work is verified by k-fold method.

Keywords


Deep learning; Local ternary patterns and multitexton features; Thyroid imaging reporting and data system score; Thyroid nodules; U-Net segmentation

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v15i1.10447

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Bulletin of EEI Stats

Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (BEEI)
ISSN: 2089-3191, e-ISSN: 2302-9285
This journal is published by the Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES) in collaboration with Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama (IPMU).